POLISH MONUMENTS
AND CASTLES
Frombork Cathedral
Frombork is known as “The Jewel of Warmia” because of its
many historical sites. The Museum of Copernicus in Frombork
holds exhibitions related to the astronomer, as well as to
astronomy in general, and includes a planetarium.
One of the biggest attractions is also the annual
International Festival of Organ Music, held every summer. The town was founded as a defensive stronghold on an Old Prussian site. In 1224 at Catania, Emperor
Frederick II declared Prussia directly subordinate to the church and Holy Roman Empire.Later in the same year the pope assigned Bishop William of Modena as the papal legate to Prussia.
The Castle of the Dukes of Głogów
Głogów is one of the oldest towns in Poland. It was founded as a grad by a West Slavic tribe called the Dziadoszan.Głogów is the sixth largest town in the voivodeshipThe town was made into a stronghold by the Nazigovernment in 1945 during World War II. Glogau was besieged for six weeks by the Soviet Red Army and was 95% destroyed.After the Yalta Conference, the city, like the majority of Lower Silesia, was given to Poland and German-speaking inhabitants were expelled. In May 1945 the first Polish settlers came to the renamed city of Głogów to find only ruins; the town has not been fully rebuilt to this day.
Gołąb (meaning dove)
is a Polish surname and toponym, it may refer to:
People and Places
Sandomierz
Sandomierz is one of the oldest and historically most significant cities in Poland.
Archeological finds around the city indicate that humans inhabited the area since neolithic times.
The city came into existence in the early Middle Ages, taking advantage of an excellent location at the junction of Vistula and San rivers, and on the path of important trade routes.
The first known historical mention of the city comes from the early 12th century, when the chronicler Gallus Anonymusranked it together with Kraków and Wrocław as one of the main cities of Poland.
The town is well known for its picturesque Renaissance castle / palace built in 1591-1606.It is known as "little Wawel". This castle is a class zero monument. It is believed to be the work of the famous architect, Santi Gucci, the court artist of King Sigismund II Augustus. The castle was built around 1591–1606
Sopot,
is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000.Sopot is a major health-spa and tourist resort destination.The area of today's Sopot contains the site of a 7th-century Slavonic (Pomeranian) stronghold. Initially it was a commercial trade outpost for commerce extending both up the Vistula river and to cities north across the Baltic Sea.Sopot remained under German occupation until 1945. On March 23, 1945 the Soviet Army took over the city after several days of street battle, in which Sopot lost approximately 10% of its buildingsSopot is currently undergoing a period of intense development, including the building of a number of five star hotels and spa resorts on the waterfront.Sopot, aside from Warsaw has the highest property prices in Poland.
Jawor
Church of Peace
Jawor is a town in south-western Poland It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
(from 1975–1998 it was in the former Legnica Voivodeship). It is the seat of Jawor County
It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Sitein 2001.
Jelenia Góra
Jelenia Góra is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the seat of Jelenia Góra Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city's origins officially date back to the legendary founding of the settlement by Bolesław III Wrymouthin 1108 and in 2008 celebrated its 900th anniversary.
Jelenia Gora (or Hirschberg) is also mentioned as having been used as a base for the Polish ruler Bolesław Krzywousty for his campaigns against the Czechs in 1110.After World War I, the town became part of the Province of Lower Silesia in 1919, and in 1922 became a separate city. During the Nazi era under the regime of Adolf Hitler, a subcamp of KZ Gross- Rosenwas located in Hirschberg.Following the end of World War II in 1945, the town was placed under Polish administration according to the decisions of the Potsdam Conference, and became officially known by its Polish name of Jelenia Góra,
Stopnica
Stopnica It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Stopnica. It lies in Lesser Poland, approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Busko-Zdrój and 55 km (34 mi) south-east of the regional capital KielceIn 1362 Stopnica was granted the civic rights by King Casimir III the Great. Stopnica lost the rights in 1870. During World War II the village was almost completely destroyed. Before the war Stopnica had a large Jewish community, which perished in the Holocaust.In the Middle Ages, Stopnica used to be one of major urban centers of Lesser Poland’s Sandomierz Voivodeship.
Elbląg is the Polish derivative of
the German name Elbing,
which was assigned by the Teutonic Knights to
the citadel and subsequent town placed by them in 1237 next to the river. The
purpose of the citadel was to prevent the Old
Prussian settlement of Truso from being reoccupied,
as the German crusaders were at war with the pagan Prussians. The citadel was
named after the river, itself of uncertain etymology.
Elblągs a city in
northern Poland It is the capital
of Elbląg County and
has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian
Voivodeship since 1999. Before then it was the capital
of Elbląg
Voivodeship (1975–1998) and a county seat in Gdańsk
Voivodeship (1945–1975).The city is a porton the
river Elbląg which
flows into the Vistula Lagoonabout
10 km to the north, thus giving the city access to the Baltic Sea via
the Russian-controlled Strait
of Baltiysk During the Middle Ages,
the Old Prussian settlement
of Truso was located at Lake Drużno near
the current site of Elbląg in historical Pogesania; the
settlement burned down in the 10th century.
The Presidential Palace
For its first 175 years, the palace was the private property of
several aristocratic families. In 1791 it hosted the authors and advocates of
the Constitution of May 3, 1791. It was in
1818 that the palace began its ongoing career as a governmental structure, when
it became the seat of the Viceroy of the Polish (Congress)
Kingdom under Russian occupation (Namiestnik of the Kingdom of Poland).
Following Poland
After the war, it resumed its function
as seat of the Polish Council of Ministers.Construction
of the present-day Presidential Palace in Warsaw was begun in 1643 by Crown
FieldHetman Stanisław
Koniecpolski, owner of the town of Brody (80 km. east
of Lwów) and of numerouslatifundia situated in Poland's eastern borderlands; hence
the palace's first name was "Pałac
Koniecpolskich"—the "Koniecpolski Palace".[1] It was said that
he owned so much landed property that he could cross the breadth of the Commonwealth while spending every night in one
of his own manors. The palace was not completed in the Hetman's lifetime, as he
died unexpectedly in 1646 at his Brody residence, a few weeks after taking a
young wife.
.Elbląg
is a city in northern Poland It is the capital of Elbląg County and
has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian
Voivodeship since 1999. Before then it was the capital
of Elbląg
Voivodeship (1975–1998) and a county seat inGdańsk
Voivodeship (1945–1975). The city is a porton the
river Elbląg which
flows into the Vistula Lagoonabout
10 km to the north, thus giving the city access to the Baltic Sea via
the Russian-controlled Strait
of Baltiysk
Arkadia
Arkadia in Warsaw, Poland is the largest shopping complex in Central
Europe
TheInternational Council of Shopping
Centers awarded it the
best shopping mall project in Poland ,
Shopping Center of the Year in 2004, and the European Shopping Center Award for
best mall in Europe in 2006
Gdańsk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on theBaltic coast, the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland's principal seaport and the center of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan areaGdańsk is the historical capital of Gdańsk Pomeraniaand the largest city of Kashubia. The city is close to the
former late medieval/modern boundary betweenWest Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a
complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive
self-rule, with two spells as a free city. It has been part of modern Poland
Pułtusk
Pułtusk
is a town in Poland by the riverNarew, 70 km north of Warsaw. It is located in theMasovian VoivodshipThe
town has existed since at least the 10th century. In the Middle Ages it
was one of the most important castles defending northernMasoviaagainst
the attacks ofPrussiansandLithuaniansThe
town was also a battleground in the Polish-Soviet
War of 1920, at the eve of the Battle
of Warsaw. In 1931 the town had some 16,800 inhabitants.
As a result of the Invasion
of Poland in 1939 it was incorporated into Nazi Germany; from
1941-1945 it was known in German as Ostenburg
Czerwińsk nad Wisłą
Czerwińsk nad Wisłą is a village in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.It lies on
the Vistula (Wisła)
river, approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) south of Płońskand
52 km (32 mi) west of WarsawHome to
a large mediaeval monastery, the village was a major
centre of culture and commerce in the Middle Ages. Formally a part of Masovia, it
was incorporated into Poland
Kamień Pomorski
Kamień Pomorski is a townin the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of northwesternPoland. The capital of Kamień
CountyThe town became the seat of a bishopric in
1176 and a Pomeranian diocese. From time to
time the Dukes of Pomerania would also reside in the town, as it is located
in Farther Pomerania. By 1228 theDominicans were involved in the
town's religious affairs, and in 1274 it received Lübeck city rights.
Sweden acquired
control of the town at the Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Acquired
by Brandenburg-Prussia in 1679, the town was
made part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. From then
until 1945 it remained part of the Kingdom
of Prussia , and later Germany.
It was administered as part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania.
Chełmno
Chełmno is
a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river and
the historical capital of Chełmno Land.
Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999,
Chełmno was previously inToruń
Voivodeship (1975–1998).
Culm was the German name of the town
The first written mention of Chełmno is known from a document allegedly
issued in 1065 by DukeBoleslaus
II of Poland for
the Benedictine monastery in Mogilno. In 1226 Duke Konrad I of Masovia invited the Teutonic
Knights to Chełmno Land. In 1233 Kulm was granted city rights known as "Kulm law" (renewed in 1251), the model system for over
200 Polish towns. The town grew prosperous as a member of the mercantile Hanseatic League. Kulm and Chelmno Land were part of the Teutonic
Knights' state until 1466, when after the Thirteen
Years' WarChełmno
was incorporated into Poland and made the capital of Chełmno
Voivodeship
The
Polish name Gorzów, written as Gorzew, is known from Polish maps and historical
books dating back to 18th century or perhaps earlier.
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